The EU AI Act and Digital Sovereignty: Balancing Regulatory Leadership and Technological Dependence
The European Union’s pursuit of digital sovereignty has become closely linked to its efforts to regulate artificial intelligence (AI).
Category: Industrial & Competition Policy
Europe’s Two-Front War Building Up AI Defence Systems while Striving for Tech Sovereignty
AI deployment in the European defence sector underscores critical security concerns. The 2026 Munich Security Conference showed how the US is turning …
Why Brazil Matters for European Energy Security: Pragmatic Decarbonisation and Green Reindustrialisation
This paper argues that Brazil should be comprehended as a strategically relevant partner for European energy security in the context of the EU’s dec…
From Innovation to Capability: Mission-Driven Testing for Combat-Validated European Defence
High-intensity conflicts demand continuous adaptation to rapidly evolving adversarial countermeasures. The European defense innovation ecosystem must …
Collective Benefits, Local Costs: Governing Critical Raw Materials in the European Union
The EU has spent around €1.8 billion on critical raw materials since 2014, barely enough to open one and a half mines the size of Finland's Sakatti.…
From Cohesion to Capability: A European Strategic Coordination Agency for the EU’s Outermost Regions
No EU defence instrument treats the outermost regions as anything more than recipients of cohesion policy, despite assets like the Azores' NATO airbas…
Discontinuity by Design? EU Flagship Defence Projects and the Limits of the Rotating Presidency
As the EU's flagship defence projects shift with each six-month presidency - from the Baltic Defence Line to the Drone Wall to Mediterranean maritime …
Beyond the Supply Crisis: Closing the Intra-EDIP Raw Materials Gap through Demand Transparency and Crisis Coordination
EDIP can prioritise defence supply chains in a crisis - but has no mechanism to allocate scarce raw materials between its own grant beneficiaries comp…
Beyond the Horizon: Securing European Strategic Autonomy through Sovereign LEO Data Links
European air forces depend on Link 16 — a US-controlled system subject to ITAR rules and vulnerable to transatlantic breakdown. This paper proposes …
Civil–Military Innovation Sprints: Bridging Europe’s Security and Innovation Ecosystems
Europe has 230+ defence tech startups but no structured pipeline connecting them to military end users. This paper proposes Civil-Military Innovation …