The Future of Energy in the CFSP
The "Future of Energy in the CFSP" project aims to examine and clarify the EU's energy insecurity. The study considers data collected from Eurostat an…
Category: Foreign Affairs
Force de Frappe and the evolving CSDP
This paper examines the relationship between France’s Force de Frappe and the evolving Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Uni…
How the Iran War Exposed the EU’s Mutual Defence Illusion
On 1 March 2026, an Iranian-manufactured drone launched from Lebanon struck RAF Akrotiri on the island of Cyprus. Hours later, the European Commission…
Spectators of History: European Strategic Passivity in an Age of Polycrisis
In recent years, the European Union has found itself having to confront security and stability crises without institutions sufficiently prepared, flex…
Fragmented Threat Assessments: European Security Discourse on Russia-China Relations
European analysts largely agree the Russia–China partnership is asymmetric: Western sanctions have made Russia dependent on Chinese markets, technol…
Ireland, the EU, and the Defence Question: The Triple Lock in a Changing International Arena
Ireland's historic neutrality is being called into question in the context of an increasingly erratic US ally and an unpredictable geopolitical arena.
Decolonising the Green Transition: Hegemony, Extractivism and EU-Chile Lithium Relations
In its drive towards net-zero emissions, the European Union’s climate targets depend on sourcing critical minerals, such as lithium, from the Global…
Toward Effective EU Engagement with Conflict Mediation in Sudan
The Sudanese civil war, which broke out in 2023 as a result of conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), ha…
Rethinking Warning Performance: Why France Misjudged the Run-Up to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and How European Security Can Do Better
France’s misjudgment in the run-up to Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine is commonly framed as an intelligence failure. This paper argues …
A Multi-Speed Europe: Differentiated Integration and the Future of EU Enlargement
The outbreak of the war in Ukraine in February 2022 reshaped the concept of European integration and intensified the debate over the Union’s institu…